Prior to 2013, the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal could issue cease-and-desist orders and impose fines up to $10,000 in response to complaints from individuals about matters likely to expose them “to hatred or contempt” for the reason of those individuals being “identifiable on the basis of a prohibited ground of discrimination.”

However, curiously, the most hateful groups, which include the extremists in Muslim, environmentalism, Indigenous rights, and feminism were never charged.