The hate crimes are in the criminal code, not the charter. But your point re the uselessness of the Charter, with its section 1 limitations and the notwithstanding clause, is well taken.

Libel laws in the US are not a good example to follow. Ever since NY Times v Sullivan it is too onerous for a plaintiff to prove a case. Canada’s laws may be a little lax but the US legal regime for libel is terrible, especially for public figures.